{"id":501,"date":"2010-11-21T17:32:23","date_gmt":"2010-11-21T17:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/"},"modified":"2023-09-19T13:13:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T13:13:41","slug":"press","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/press\/","title":{"rendered":"Press"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/bmj.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\nPregnant nude<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">British Medical Journal<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">24 January 1998<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#bfbfbf\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">GHISLAINE HOWARD<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">press coverage <\/span><\/h1>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">a selection of critical responses<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">to Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s work<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Reviews<\/strong> of Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s exhibitions:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/365.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">365<\/a> at the Imperial War Museum North, March &#8211; September 2009<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.salfordonline.com\/entertainmentnews.php?func=viewdetails&amp;vdetails=11950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Salford Online<\/a><\/span><span> has a feature on the exhibition and a video interview with Tom Rodgers<a href=\"http:\/\/www.salfordonline.com\/entertainmentnews.php?func=viewdetails&amp;vdetails=11950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Robert Clark previewed the exhibition in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/artanddesign\/2009\/mar\/14\/exhibition-ghislaine-howard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Guardian Guide<\/a>:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/RC-gg.png\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Sarah Walters has a feature in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.citylife.co.uk\/arts\/news\/12800_days_of_conflict_and_canvas_for_ghislaine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">City Life<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ghislaine was interviewed about the exhibition by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.channelm.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Channel M<\/a> television and by Allan Beswick on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/iplayer\/episode\/p0029nnx\/Allan_Beswick_06_03_2009\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BBC Radio Manchester<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><span><span>BBC Liverpool has a feature on The Stations of the Cross <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/liverpool\/content\/articles\/2008\/02\/28\/faith_stations_of_the_cross_feature.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/tablet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laura Gascoigne<\/a> reviews The Empty Tomb &#8211; The Tablet, 22 March 2008<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#sister\">Sister Wendy Becket<\/a> &#8211; 1992<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#robert\">Robert Clark<\/a> &#8211; <em>The Guardian,<\/em> 29 March 1993<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#joan\">Joan Crossley<\/a> &#8211; <em>Women&#8217;s Art,<\/em> July 1993<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#richard\">Richard Kendall<\/a> &#8211; <em>Galleries,<\/em>September 1991<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#jim\">Jim Aulich<\/a> &#8211; <em>City Life,<\/em> 3 May 1985<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Features<\/strong> on Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/work.html\">working methods<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/work.htm#jane\">Jane Fickling<\/a><\/strong> on the maternity unit residency &#8211; <em>Daily Telegraph<\/em>, 29 January 1993<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>In Conversation with <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/work.htm#philip\">Philip Vann<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; <em>The Artist&#8217;s and Illustrator&#8217;s Magazine<\/em>, October 1992<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/work.htm#double\">Ghislaine Howard<\/a><\/strong> on the genesis of a double portrait &#8211; <em>the artist<\/em>, July 1988<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/self1.html\">Ghislaine Howard<\/a> on self-portraiture &#8211; the artist, May and June 1986<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><br \/>\nExhibiting gender &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm#sarah\">Sarah Hyde<\/a> on Ghislaine Howard and Jacob Epstein &#8211; 1997<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a name=\"sister\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">Sister Wendy Becket<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/jpgs\/clefta.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/cleft.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a><span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Cleft in the rocks,<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Flamborough Head<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Oil on canvas<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">127cm x 101.5cm<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">50&#8243; x 40&#8243;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Ghislaine Howard<\/strong> is a figurative artist who finds such passionate excitement in the abstract glories of colour and light that the well-worn distinction seems pointless. Her images work on both levels with equal power: we are swept away by the beauty of the actual paint even before we start to take delight in the image which she is celebrating.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Her mother and child studies have a quieter beauty, expressing the protectiveness integral to this age-old symbol, yet in <em>Cleft in the rocks, Flamborough Head<\/em> there is a similar sense of interiority and protection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Howard is referring in her title to a phrase from the article of Solomon in the Bible, where the Lover calls to his &#8220;dove, his lovely one, hiding in the clefts of the rock&#8221; and begs to see her face.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Howard&#8217;s cleavage cuts down into a gleam of deepest blue, the wild sea caught and held safe between the sunlit masses of the pure rock. It is both landscape and seascape, but it is also something deeper. It recalls with imaginative intensity the wild spaces of the ocean, untamed and untameable, and the fortress of the cliffs, where the surging waters can gently come to rest.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In becoming aware of the beauty of the painting, we are drawn into an awareness of the beauty of repose, protection, and constant give and take of love. Howard clearly loves what she paints, and what she paints is in itself, in a strange symbolic fashion, love also.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Sea and stone here unite in a dazzle of chromatic clarity. The cleft has an almost erotic splendour, but it is an eroticism of the profoundest purity. The azure of the waters reflects up onto the chalky smoothness of the cliffs, the head jutting out into the sea to enclose the wash and be purified by it. Both give; both receive; the essence of a love relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">&#8211;             <strong>Sister Wendy Becket<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>(from             <em>Women Critics Select Women Artists<br \/>\n<\/em>The Bruton Street Gallery, London, 1992)<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">A Shared Experience<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>\n<hr size=\"1\" noshade=\"noshade\">\n<p><a name=\"robert\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">Robert Clark, <em>The Guardian<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Manchester<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>POPPING<\/strong> in with with my mum to the City Art Gallery for my occasional look at the Lowry room, I&#8217;m disappointed to find that it&#8217;s disappeared. Why?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In its place, though, until April 25 anyway, is a series of gutsy paintings and drawings by Ghislaine Howard. Called <em>A Shared Experience, Paintings and Drawings<\/em>, the work is the result of a four-month artist&#8217;s residency at St Mary&#8217;s Maternity Unit during which Howard had the opportunity to record the dramatic life of the ante-natal services, the central delivery unit and the special care baby unit. One is struck immediately on entering the gallery that this is a surprisingly, almost shockingly, rare subject in modern Western painting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Then this is obviously because of the comparative exclusion of women&#8217;s subjective experience from the art arena until very recently.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">So here are paintings entitled <em>Inserting the Catheter,<\/em> <em>Before the Caesarean<\/em> and <em>Breech Birth.<\/em> If it weren&#8217;t for the subject matter Howard might fit neatly within the British serious painterly tradition of Bomberg, Auerbach and Kossoff. Her drawings are wild networks of charcoal gestures. Her oil paintings are weaved with broad dynamic brushstrokes that narrowly avoid stylistic flamboyance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/jpgs\/seconda.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/second.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"3\"><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">So it&#8217;s through Howard&#8217;s moving embodiment of empathy with her subjects that she really makes her individual mark. And several images here &#8211; for instance one painting entitled <em>Second Day<\/em>showing a baby&#8217;s top heavy sleeping head, already weary with the weight of life, cradled in the mother&#8217;s giant hands &#8211; are so intimately tender in approach, they could hardly have been painted by any male, at any time, anywhere.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">&#8211; Robert Clark<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><em>The Guardian<\/em>, 29 March 1993<\/span><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" noshade=\"noshade\">\n<\/div>\n<h3><a name=\"joan\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Joan Crossley, <em>Women&#8217;s Art<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n<table cellspacing=\"6\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" valign=\"top\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Expectant<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Experiences<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">A Shared Experience<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">City Art Galleries<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Manchester<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/ante.jpg\" alt=\"Ante-natal examination\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span><strong>Ante-natal examination <\/strong>1993<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Joan Crossley<\/strong> on Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s work documenting<\/span><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">real life in a busy maternity unit<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>THIS EXHIBITION<\/strong> of Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s work was the result of four months spent as artist-in-residence at a women&#8217;s hospital in central Manchester. The paintings, drawings and etchings are redolent of the atmosphere of the busy maternity unit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">To describe the work as documentary would be to suggest a level of emotional and intellectual detachment so often found in artist\/observers. On the contrary, Howard became part of the self-contained world of the hospital with its routines and crises. She brought to the process of observing an unobtrusive and deeply sympathetic intelligence, arising from experience in hacing had two babies in the same hospital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Her desire to understand her own feelings of fear, helplessness and joy enabled her to establish close bonds with long-stay mothers. She was allowed extraordinary intimacy with women who came to take her presence for granted. The time spent listening and watching was well spent and informs the urgent sketches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">There is a <em>rightness<\/em>and accuracy about the strong strokes which demonstrate a sense of collaboration between Howard and her women about the boredom of waiting, expecting. It is about the sense of helplessness and the objectification of the female body when in the hands of medical professionals. The drama of natural childbirth is juxtaposed to the fearful mysteries of the Caesarian operation. The gowned figures loom and hover above the patient in anonymous detachment. Back in the wards the green shapes resolve into nurses, individual and prosaic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Howard claims that &#8220;the depictions of the events shown in these paintings and drawings are rare in western art. It is a salutary thought that an experience that all humans have shared is so rarely seen in art galleries&#8221;. Yet walking round the show, the viewer catches echoes of gestures and poses from the tradition of Renaissance religious painting. In part it is because the artist has absorbed some of the vocabulary of religious art (she is currently working on a series based on the Stations of the Cross), but it is also because the actual rituals of delivery, the lifting of the anaesthetised body, the presentation of the Caesarian baby, share some of choreographed grandeur of a Deposition or a Pieta. Although each pregnancy and delivery is unique and individual, it is also archetypal and timeless.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The comments from the Mancunian audience, registered in the visitors&#8217; book, show a striking lack of embarrassment, either with the gynaecological frankness or the emotional transparency of the work. It is an honest show, deeply felt and compassionately executed; the artist has dared not to distance herself.<\/span><span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">&#8211; Joan Crossley<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><em>Women&#8217;s Art<\/em>, July 1993<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Joan Crossley<\/strong> lectures in art history at the University of Leicester.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a name=\"richard\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Richard Kendall,             <em>Galleries<\/em><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Boundary Gallery<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Londoners still believe themselves to be at the centre of the artistic universe, and it comes as a rude shock to discover talent existing, even flourishing, away from the capital. Ghislaine Howard has chosen to work in the north-west, within reach of two increasingly vital cultural centres, Manchester and Liverpool, but even closer to the wild and unpopulated landscapes that recur in her pictures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/jpgs\/rocksa.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/rocks.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"3\"><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"> Her densely-coloured oil paintings of the Yorkshire coast and her Derbyshire surroundings, as well as the domestic landscape of home and family, have featured in more than a dozen solo and mixed exhibitions in the north of England. During September [1991], however, the tables are turned and Londoners will get their first chance to see an extended showing of her work at the <strong>Boundary Gallery<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In the best possible sense, these are a young person&#8217;s paintings. There is energy, excess and a kind of muscularity in her canvases, untainted by cynicism and art circuit <em>chic<\/em>. Ghislaine Howard paints directly, sometimes furiously, attacking both subject and canvas with a passion for her colours and her craft. The massiveness of rocks, the swell of the sea and the tints of stormy skies are all translated into the stuff of paint, in a way that sometimes suggests late Bomberg.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/jpgs\/self05a.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/self05.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"3\"><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">As a mother of two young children, Ghislaine Howard has also set herself the project of responding, in her art, to the experiences of motherhood and child-rearing. Dramatic charcoal drawings of parents and their offspring, and delicate, almost miniature studies of children at play, have often complemented her landscape repertoire. Drawing, colour and the signature of touch come together in these elemental subjects, in pictures that could only have been painted in the late twentieth century.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">&#8211; Richard Kendall<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><em>Galleries,<\/em> September 1991<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a name=\"jim\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Jim Aulich, <em>City Life<\/em><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard: Recent Work<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Salford Art Gallery<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s <em>Recent Work<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"> [shows] the dignity of the human figure and an almost French sensuality in the love and the freedom of the paint.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Domestic and intimate subject-matter tells of the artist&#8217;s pregnancy, and the birth and suckling of her child, while in the bath lies the image of a man in a self-conscious inversion of Bonnard&#8217;s theme of the woman in the bath.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/jpgs\/batha.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/bath.jpg\" alt=\"Michael in the bath\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Michael in the bath <\/strong>1984<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Acrylic on canvas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Luscious and unorthodox, these pictures are strikingly original in what they depict within the context of the museum and the tradition of figure painting.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">&#8211;             <strong>Jim Aulich<\/strong><\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><em>City Life,<\/em> 3 May 1985<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><a name=\"sarah\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071215111025\/http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/press.htm\"><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Exhibiting gender<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">An extract from <strong>Sarah Hyde<\/strong>&#8216;s book, <em>Exhibiting gender<\/em>,<\/span><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">in which she compares perceptions of the portrayal<\/span><span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">of pregnancy by Ghislaine Howard and Jacob Epstein<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>From             <em>Exhibiting gender<\/em> by Sarah Hyde,<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>Manchester University Press, 1997<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/sarah.jpg\" alt=\"Exhibiting gender\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/preg.jpg\" alt=\"Image loading (31Kb)\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>Ghislaine Howard, b 1953<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Pregnant self-portrait<\/strong> 1987<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Charcoal on paper<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">75.8cm x 55.9cm<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">30&#8243; x 22&#8243;<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ghislainehoward.com\/eps.jpg\" alt=\"Image loading (21Kb)\" align=\"top\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>Jacob Epstein, 1880-1959<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Genesis<\/strong> c. 1930<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Marble<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">162.5cm x 78.7cm<\/span><span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">64&#8243; x 31&#8243;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr noshade=\"noshade\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>The main reason<\/strong> for comparing these two works is to ask readers firstly, before looking at the answer, to consider whether they expect to see a difference in the way this subject is treated by a man and a woman, and secondly, once they know the answer, to see if they can detect any difference between the treatment of pregnancy by a man, who cannot have had any personal experience of the subject, and by a woman artist who was in fact studying her own pregnant body.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">There are several important differences between these two representations. The first is that [&#8230;] one was produced over fifty years earlier than the other. Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s drawing is in a style which could have been produced at almost any time this century, so that anyone who had not seen it before would probably find it very difficult to date.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Nevertheless, the fact that it was produced recently is crucial to the comparison between the two works, since it is only in the last twenty years or so that significant numbers of women artists have begun to explore pregnancy, childbirth and child-rearing in their art, and such subject matter has gradually become acceptable to many art gallery visitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Part of this development was the exhibition <em>A Shared Experience<\/em> held at Manchester City Art Gallery in 1993, which drew on work produced by Ghislaine Howard when working as an artist in residence in the maternity unit of Saint Mary&#8217;s Hospital in Manchester.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Howard has said that one of the greatest challenges she encountered was the fact that she felt she had no artistic tradition to draw on. She was familiar with centuries of representations of mothers and children in the &#8216;Madonna and Child&#8217; form, and yet had never seen a Western painting of the most important subject that she was confronted with at the hospital: a woman giving birth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Further major differences<\/strong> between the two works can be found in their physical nature &#8211; their size and medium &#8211; and the purposes for which they were produced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Howard&#8217;s drawing is under half the size of Epstein&#8217;s work, and her chosen medium &#8211; charcoal &#8211; is, unless sprayed with fixative, impermanent, and has connotations of informality and privacy. The drawing, although standing as a work in its own right, was in fact part of an extensive series which led to a group of oil paintings charting the physical and psychological changes which Howard experienced during pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Epstein&#8217;s work, however, was produced on a large scale in the formal and public medium of marble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>These basic differences<\/strong> go some way towards explaining the vastly different receptions accorded to the two works when they were first produced. Howard&#8217;s work caused hardly a murmur when it was purchased for the Whitworth [Art Gallery] in 1989, and likewise Epstein&#8217;s work now provokes few comments from visitors to the Whitworth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">When it was first displayed in 1931 at the Leicester Galleries in London, however, <em>Genesis<\/em> provoked howls of protest and abuse. The extent of the response prompted Alfred Bossom to purchase the work in order to tour it around Britain, thus raising a substantial amount of money for charity by charging a small fee to the crowds of people who flocked to see it. Subsequently the sculpture was shown alongside other works by Epstein to similarly large crowds at Louis Tussaud&#8217;s Waxworks on the Golden Mile at Blackpool beach.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Epstein&#8217;s initial reaction, on hearing that his work was to be shown at Tussaud&#8217;s, was outrage; however, he later declared himself in favour of the work being seen by as many people as possible. In making this claim, however, the artist showed himself widely out of step with much contemporary thinking about art.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Reaction to an earlier work<\/strong> by Epstein &#8211; five figures for the British Medical Association on the Strand &#8211; had shown that most contemporary critics felt that certain types of art, and in particular nude figures, should only be seen in carefully controlled circumstances by carefully selected people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The <em>Evening Standard<\/em> declared that &#8216;figures in an art gallery are seen, for the most part, by those who know how to appreciate the art they represent&#8217; (*Epstein 1963:23), whereas to show naked figures, as Epstein proposed, on the fa\u00e7ade of a building in the Strand, &#8216;To have art of the kind indicated laid bare to the gaze of all classes, young and old, in perhaps the busiest thoroughfare of the Metropolis&#8230; is another matter&#8217;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">It was the duty of adult males to control and censor the kind of art to which the working classes and women were allowed access, and Epstein&#8217;s nudes were &#8216;a form of statuary which no careful father would wish his daughter, or no discriminating young man, his fianc\u00e9e, to see&#8217; (Epstein 1963:23).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>The context<\/strong> in which a work of art is interpreted is, however, created not only by its physical and cultural surroundings but also by the title appended by the artist or a curator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Ghislaine Howard did not give a title to her work; the title <em>Pregnant Self-portrait<\/em> was given by a curator when it entered the Whitworth Art Gallery, and presents it as simply an artist&#8217;s study of her own pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The title <em>Genesis<\/em>, however, suggests that Epstein&#8217;s work is not about a particular pregnancy, or even about the subject of maternity in general, but is instead dealing with a much larger topic: the &#8216;genesis&#8217; of the human race, a universal beginning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>It was this larger aim<\/strong> which brought Epstein into conflict with so many people amongst <em>Genesis<\/em>&#8216; original audience. In order to express his idea of the primitive beginnings of mankind, Epstein turned for inspiration to art from Africa and the Pacific islands, of which he was a great admirer and collector. However, whereas for Epstein the work of African sculptors could suggest something fundamental, &#8216;primitive&#8217; in the sense of marking the earliest beginnings, for contemporary reviewers the word &#8216;primitive&#8217; meant backward, underdeveloped.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">This in turn constrained the way in which the expression on the face of Epstein&#8217;s pregnant woman was interpreted. Whereas Epstein wanted to suggest &#8216;calm, mindless wonder&#8217;, uneducated in the sense of still being instinctual, not overlaid with the unnecessary trappings of civilisation, the racism inherent in so much of British society in the years leading up to the Second World War meant that most responses to this sculpture were conditioned by a tendency to see certain facial features &#8211; thick lips, for example &#8211; as indicative of a lack of intelligence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The <em>Daily Express<\/em> headline of 7 February 1931 ran: &#8216;Epstein&#8217;s bad joke in stone. Mongolian moron that is obscene.&#8217; (Epstein 1963:274). The choice of the word &#8216;Mongol&#8217; here was dependent not on the actual features of <em>Genesis<\/em> herself, since Epstein based this on studies of African masks, rather than the features of the East Asian peoples of Mongolia. Instead the reference is again to the insistent link between non-Western racial types and an assumed lack of intelligence underpinning the labelling of people born with Downes Syndrome as &#8216;Mongols&#8217; which has only recently been eradicated from common English usage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>However, in the context<\/strong> of the subject matter of <em>Genesis<\/em> this is especially important in that non-European racial types are also presented as having not only lesser intelligence but also greater moral and sexual licence. The idea that black men are both more sexually potent and less restrained than European men can be traced back to the eighteenth century and beyond. In this context <em>Genesis<\/em> caused particular outrage in that a subject matter which Epstein&#8217;s critics insisted should be treated with delicacy was mixed with associations of those qualities of &#8216;primitive&#8217; societies which most Westerners liked to congratulate themselves on having overcome.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>The final insult<\/strong> was not only that this woman appeared to be non-European and unintelligent; she was also not beautiful, and this was if anything the most problematic issue. Epstein was violating two fundamental assumptions: that art, and women, should be beautiful. When told by a friend that most people could not understand why he had made <em>Genesis<\/em> so ugly, Epstein, with deliberately assumed incomprehension, replied that he thought she was beautiful. But in another context he made it clear that he was trying to create an image of feminity that deliberately eschewed contemporary notions of delicacy and beauty.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">I felt the necessity for giving expression to the profoundly elemental in motherhood, the deep down instinctive female, without the trappings and charm of what is known as feminine&#8230; How a figure like this contrasts with our coquetries and fanciful erotic nudes of modern sculpture. (Epstein 1963:139-40)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Here it may be useful<\/strong> to draw a comparison between the response to Epstein&#8217;s work and that provoked by a modern image of pregnancy. In August 1991 the front cover of <em>Vanity Fair<\/em> magazine featured a photograph by Annie Leibovitz of the naked, pregnant actress Demi Moore. It aroused a storm of protest which has been compared to that caused by the first exhibition of <em>Genesis<\/em>, but which in fact contains significant differences.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Amongst the vociferous minority defending the publication of the photo were a number who thought it demonstrated that pregnant women could still be beautiful and sexy: &#8216;what a pretty sight it is!&#8217;, &#8216;Who says women can&#8217;t&#8230; retain their sexuality during pregnancy?&#8217; (<em>Vanity Fair<\/em>, October 1991:18-20).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>The problem here<\/strong> is that pregnancy entails a number of changes to a woman&#8217;s body &#8211; swollen abdomen, enlarged breasts &#8211; which conflict fundamentally with the current ideal of slimness as feminine beauty, propagated by magazines such as <em>Vanity Fair<\/em>. Responses to the photo of Demi Moore demonstrated that attractiveness to men is still seen as the most important function of both art and a woman&#8217;s body, in the latter case overriding any other function, such as that of producing a child.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">If any art form presents a pregnant woman as unattractive, for example with what the <em>Daily Telegraph<\/em> described in 1931 as <em>Genesis&#8217;<\/em> &#8216;Face like an ape&#8217;s&#8230; breasts like pumpkins&#8230; hands twice as large and gross as those of a navvy [and] hair like a ship&#8217;s hawser&#8217; (Epstein 1963:276) she represents a challenge and a threat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><em><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><strong>Sarah Hyde <\/strong>is the Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Courtauld Gallery, University of London.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><span>* Epstein, J. , <em>Epstein, An Autobiography<\/em>(1963), ed. R. Buckle, London, Vista Books.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pregnant nude British Medical Journal 24 January 1998 GHISLAINE HOWARD press coverage a selection of critical responses to Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s work Reviews of Ghislaine Howard&#8217;s exhibitions: 365 at the Imperial War Museum North, March &#8211; September 2009 Salford Online has a feature on the exhibition and a video interview with Tom Rodgers. Robert Clark previewed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"template_fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-501","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=501"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1343,"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/501\/revisions\/1343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ghislainehoward.com\/admin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}