GHISLAINE
HOWARD
Self-portraiture:
mother and child 1
In this article
for the artist magazine (May 1986), Ghislaine
Howard describes the
paintings and drawings she made during her first pregnancy in 1984,
when
her interest in the human form led to a series of self-portraits which
are strikingly original within the traditional concept of figure
painting |
Standing pregnant figure
charcoal
on paper
76cm
x 56cm
30"
x 22"
|
|
MY
FIRST SON Maxim was born on August 28th,
1984 and so, being a painter whose work springs from my own experience,
my pregnancy presented a challenge that I could not ignore without
denying
the central basis of my inspiration. This challenge was the pictorial
representation
of the pregnant figure - a record of my own pregnancy and subsequent
motherhood.
Pregnant self-portrait
charcoal
on paper
76cm
x 58cm
30"
x 23" |
Most representations of
these subjects are fashioned by male artists and, however sympathetic
their
treatment, they are seen, inevitably, from a male point of view. It
seemed
to me that here was an opportunity to create pictures that would not be
simply a charting of the physical changes taking place but would also
express
something about the emotional aspects of pregnancy. My work has always
been focused around the human form and previously I had used the mother
and child theme many times as part of a larger involvement with the
figure,
but not as something resulting from actual experience. |
In
the early months of my pregnancy I worked on a series of
paintings based on drawings made in Manchester City Art Gallery. There
I found a particularly fascinating display case containing some
exquisitely balanced Chinese horses which, although small in scale,
gave an impression of weight and massiveness. Despite their obvious
stillness each one was charged with suggested
movement. I did many drawings, altering the scale and emphasis of the
objects and exploiting the inherent ambiguities caused by the
reflections of the glass-sided case. While working on these pictures my
work became larger and more expressive; I was not so much recording the
image before me, but rather recreating it in freer forms with fuller
and looser brushwork. The colours also became less faithful to reality
and more suggestive of mood and atmosphere.
As
time passed I became more conscious of
my condition and the need to use it as subject matter for my work
became
more persistent - the question was how to go about it. Other artists
had
depicted the pregnant figure but it surprises me how rarely the image
has
appeared in Western art. Those that spring to mind include the Jan van
Eyck Arnolfini portrait in the National Gallery (if she is in fact
pregnant),
the paintings of Paula Modersohn-Becker, and the Madonna del Parto by
Piero
della Francesca.
I
visited Italy with my husband when I was still
only four months pregnant and fulfilled a long-held ambition to see
this
particular painting at the little commune of Monterchi, midway between
Piero's home town of Arezzo and Borgo Sansepulchro, host to many of the
painter's works including the magisterial Resurrection.
Several
hundred yards away, adjoining the town's
cemetery, is the tiny, whitewashed chapel containing the fresco which
fills
the cool interior with a serene calm. The blueness of the Madonna's
dress
dominates the composition. Two angels raise the opening of a
cylindrical
tent, revealing the standing figure of the Virgin. She supports her
back
with one hand whilst the other reveals her pregnancy by parting her
dress
at the front to show the white smock beneath. She lacks any sense of
coyness
or embarrassment, but looks out at the beholder with a fierce and
melancholy
pride.
Although gaining a good deal of support from
such images, I realised that the strength of my own work must arise
from
my own experience.
I
worked directly from my own image, making a series
of large drawings, and with each one I became aware of a new sense of
urgency,
perhaps due to the lack of time, but more, I feel, because of the
direct
confrontation that self-portraiture involves. I used a coarse-grained
watercolour
paper which I worked on with various thicknesses of charcoal, ranging
from
favouring sticks of medium thickness to the heavy scene-painters'
variety.
|
As my pregnancy
developed
I
found standing poses increasingly uncomfortable and so, partly for
practical
reasons, I decided to work from a seated position. Study for
self-portrait,
July 1984, is among the first of these. The figure dominates the
composition,
facing the viewer directly. The pose, which in the earlier drawing is
upright
and alert with both hands on the knees, has sunk into a relaxed and
weary
attitude. One hand supports the head and the gaze, whilst being
directed
outwards, fails to engage completely with the viewer, suggesting a
preoccupation
with the self. |
Seated self-portrait with hands
on knees
charcoal
on paper
76cm
x 56cm
30"
x 20"
|
After
the more intensely worked drawings, I felt
that I was now moving in the direction I wanted. The lines were
stronger,
more expressive of the form and, most of all, contained a real sense of
heaviness, weight and fullness. On an emotional level I was beginning
to
catch the sense of repose and expectancy - that kind of passive
expectancy
felt by the all-night traveller, alone in the small hours, waiting in
some
deserted station.
The
drawing had sufficient formal strength
to withstand development into a large oil painting and during this
process
many more changes took place; each refinement kept the work alive.
While
some artists prefer to work out all their formal problems in
preparatory
drawings which they then transfer onto a squared-up canvas, I am
temperamentally
unsuited to such procedures. Although my method is less certain in
terms
of destination, I prefer to know only the direction in which I am
travelling.
This allows the journey to be charted each step of the way, keeping my
sense of exitement alive at all stages.
|
Standing pregnant figure in pink
oil
on board
53.5cm
x 40.5cm
21"
x 16"
|
When studies and drawings
are complete I pin them on the studio walls around me. I go on to make
small oil sketches, often on panels which can withstand and preserve
the
developments that occur as I continue to draw into the painting with
charcoal.
The grains of charcoal mix with the paint, adding to the textural and
tonal
effect. In this way the drawn line creates a dynamic dialogue with the
painted areas. These wooden panels have the resilience necessary for
the
rough treatment they receive. The paint is applied with rapid brushwork
using large hogs hair brushes, continually re-defining forms until the
painting is resolved. |
Colour,
too, is of great importance. My
use of colour is intuitive and although initially it is based on
observed
reality, as the work progresses certain tones and colours are
heightened
or reduced in a continual balancing act. The elements of line and
colour
battle or harmonise together, aiding the expression of the subject
matter
and welding the picture into a strong cohesive unit in which the hands
and face become the expressive mainspring.
Self-portrait: leaning
Oil
on canvas
51cm
x 36cm
20"
x 14"
|
Torso
Oil
on canvas
61cm
x 46cm
24"
x 18"
|
The
studies took the image through several successive
stages of simplification and during this process the figure became
larger
within the confines of the picture area and the background detail of
the
studio was replaced by flat areas of colour. The table that the arm
rests
on and the structural lines of the easel became heavy bands of dark
colour
at the top and the left hand side. This closing of the picture space
around
the figure gave the sense of massiveness and isolation that I sought in
the initial sketches.
I
arrived at an image that for me satisfatorily
described the experience of my pregnancy. It was only later, in
conversation
with my husband, that I recognised an affinity between my painting and
Durer's wonderful image of Melancholia.
Study for self-portrait
oil
on board
86.5cm
x 61cm
34"
x 24"
Just
when I felt my work was going well life rudely
interrupted art when my son Maxim was born almost a month earlier than
expected and the large oil painting that I had only just begun remained
unfinished. And so it is today.
The
continuous development of my baby kept presenting
me with new subject matter demanding to be recorded. Perhaps when the
speed
of these changes slows down I will return to finish it, or possibly its
very incompleteness represents the experience of the birth of my first
child.
Next: Ghislaine Howard
concludes with a discussion of her work subsequent to the birth of her
son.
|
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